Atoms
Although theories on atoms owe their origin to ancient India in 6th century BCE, it was only a century later that a Greek student called Democritus coined the term atomos meaning “uncuttable” which has been retained by the modern science. Simply put atoms are the building blocks of all objects. The natural occurring atoms number up to 90 and are considered to be indivisible that means they cannot be further divided.
Atoms’ three basic particles are - Protons: these particles carry a positive charge. Neutrons: discovered in 1932 by the scientists are electrically neutral in nature as they carry no charge.
Protons and neutrons together make the nucleus that is the dense central part of an atom. Electrons : these carry a negative charge and encircle the nucleus of the atom.
An atom that contains an equal number of protons and electrons are considered electrically neutral.
Each of the three particles further consists of even tinier particles called quarks. There are three quarks in each particle that are held together by gluons.
While the chemical element of an atom is determined through the total number of protons, the isotope of the element is determined through the number of neutrons an atom contains.
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